ফিতরা কে কাকে কখন দেবেন
প্রেসবাংলা২৪.কম ডেস্ক: সদকাতুল ফিতর মুমিনের জীবনে একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ইবাদত। রমজানের সিয়াম সাধনা শেষে আসে পবিত্র ঈদুল ফিতর। ঈদুল ফিতরের আগেই সাদকায়ে ফিতর দেয়া জরুরি।
ঈদের আনন্দ ধনী-গরিব সবার মাঝে ছড়িয়ে দিতে এবং এ আনন্দে যেন মুসলিম জাতির প্রতিটি সদস্য শরিক হতে পারে এ জন্য ওয়াজিব করা হয়েছে সদকাতুল ফিতর। রোজা একটি দৈহিক ইবাদত হলেও তার পূর্ণতা সাধিত হয় সদাকাতুল ফিতর আদায়ের মাধ্যমে।
সাদকায়ে ফিতর আদায় করা মুমিনের জন্য আল্লাহ কর্তৃক অত্যাবশ্যকীয় বিধান।
সাদকায়ে ফিতর হলো- রোজা খোলার সাদকা বা দান। সাদকায়ে ফিতর এমন দানকে বলা হয়, যা পুরো রমজান মাস রোজা রাখার পর ঈদের দিন সব সামর্থ্যবানদের জন্য আদায় করা আবশ্যক। এ বিশেষ দান দিয়েই গরিব-অসহায় মানুষ ঈদের আনন্দে মেতে উঠবে।
ফিতরার নিসাব যার মালিকানায় নিত্য প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস ও ঋণ ছাড়া সাড়ে সাত তোলা স্বর্ণ বা সাড়ে বায়ান্ন তোলা রুপা কিংবা এর সমমূল্য কোন সম্পদ বা টাকা থাকে, তাহলে তার ওপর সদাকাতুল ফিতর ওয়াজিব।
সদকাতুল ফিতর উত্তম হলো ঈদের নামাজের আগে আদায় করে দেয়া। কেননা রাসুল (সা.) ঈদগাহে যাওয়ার আগেই সদকাতুল ফিতর আদায় করার নির্দেশ দিয়েছেন।
জাকাত গ্রহণের উপযুক্ত এমন অভাবী লোকদের সদকাতুল ফিতর দিতে হবে। একজন দরিদ্র মানুষকে একাধিক ফিতর দেয়া যেমন জায়েজ, তেমনি একটি ফিতরা বণ্টন করে একাধিক মানুষকে দেয়াও জায়েজ।
ফিতরা আদায়ের তাৎপর্য হজরত ইবনে ওমর রাদিয়াল্লাহু আনহু বলেন, ‘রাসুলুল্লাহ সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়া সাল্লাম মুসলিমদের স্বাধীন ও ক্রীতদাস পুরুষ ও নারী এবং ছোট ও বড় সবার জন্য এক সা’ (প্রায় সাড়ে ৩ কেজি) খেজুর বা যব খাদ্য (আদায়) ফরজ করেছেন। (বুখারি, মুসলিম)
সাদকায়ে ফিতর দ্বারা কুরআনুল কারিমে পরিশুদ্ধ হওয়ার কথা বোঝানো হয়েছে। আল্লাহ তাআলা বলেন- নিশ্চয় সাফল্য লাভ করবে সে, যে পরিশুদ্ধ হয়। (সুরা আলা : আয়াত ১৪) মুফাসসিরিনের কেরামের মতে, এ পরিশুদ্ধ দ্বারা সাদকায়ে ফিতরকে উদ্দেশ্য করা হয়েছে। অর্থাৎ যারা সাদকায়ে ফিতর আদায় করবেন তারাই লাভ করবেন সফলতা।
হজরত আবদুল্লাহ ইবনে আব্বাস রাদিয়াল্লাহু আনহু বর্ণনা করেন, রাসুলুল্লাহ সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়া সাল্লাম সাদাক্বাতুল ফিতরকে অপরিহার্য করেছেন, অনর্থক অশালীন কথা ও কাজে রোজার যে ক্ষতি হয়েছে তা পূরণের জন্য এবং নিঃস্ব লোকের আহার যোগানোর জন্য। (আবু দাউদ)
হজরত জারির রাদিয়াল্লাহু আনহু বর্ণনা করেন রাসুলুল্লাহ সাল্লাল্লাহু আলাইহি ওয়া সাল্লাম বলেছেন, রামজানের রোজা সাদকাতুল ফিতর আদায় করার পূর্ব পর্যন্ত আসমান-জমিনের মাঝে ঝুলন্ত থাকে। (তারগিব ওয়াত তারহিব)।
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